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Maritime operations are complex socio-technical activities, with many interacting agents. This may result from the users' requirements to the transit services of IPDCs. As the development of refrigerated container, transportation of aquatic products is growing rapidly in recent years. Found inside – Page C-1Channel is 150 ft ; Northwest Harbor berth is 45-55 ft ( 0.25 mile from shore ) . 3. Presence of Factors Affecting Safety A. Shipping Accidents a . 8. Bergström, Johan Sari, Ria Hermina Several authors have claimed that 12-hour shifts in nursing are better for both employees and patient care. A company operating in a commercial maritime port often experiences clients filing insurance claims on damaged shipping containers. This paper gives safety engineers in the marine and offshore industries an overview of the offshore safety case approach and formal ship safety assessment. Port congestion surcharge: The serious port congestion makes shipping companies impose the surcharge due to the increase of ship berthing time. The results also show a significantly lower reporting frequency among those who have worked with their local manager less than 1year. We introduce a function to help in the ordering of fuzzy subsets of the unit interval. and Finally, a Dissatisfaction Attitude (DA) index was used to determine the attributes’ priorities, by which the port authorities may make policies for improving ship navigation safety. Based on the operational features and relevant literature, the safety factors of product tankers in coastal shipping were examined. The factors affecting the drift angle depend on the load condition of the ship, the speed of the ship, the velocity of the wind or rate of the current and their direction relative to the ship's fore and aft line. In this situation, the mooring system’s own equipment, such as lines, deck fittings and mooring winches, must also evolve to work alongside new port devices. This conference is the flagship event of IEEE Kerala section, and would cater to the frontier areas of intelligent computation and its diversified applications in various fields of technology. This article presents the results of an empirical survey conducted among shipping companies and academic researchers with ship captain experience to explore their attitudes toward the building of Arctic shipping routes. The procedure easily extends to the situation where many experts are utilized in the ranking process, or to the case of missing data. a new conceptual approach toward the operability assessment on berthed ships. Grounding in oil tanker resulted in economical loss (91%) and pollution (9%). The result constructs 19 port service attributes (SAs) for ship navigation safety, in which, the shipmasters place more emphasis on the SAs of operators’ professional literacy, including the marine pilot’s professional and English communication abilities, the VTC (Vessel Traffic Center) regulator’s professional and English communication abilities, and the tugboat driver’s skills. To validate the model, the dedicated container terminal of Evergreen Marine Corp. (EMC DCT) at Kaohsiung Port and its users were empirically investigated. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the safety of ship berthing operations in port. A Safety Management Index (SMI) based on fuzzy AHP model was then proposed to assess those SFs, by which tanker carriers may make policies to improve the safety performance of product tankers. The forces acting on a moored vessel shall be determined in accordance with Section 3103F.5. Maritime transportation is one of the oldest methods of transportation. An importance-performance analysis (IPA) model along with a customer dissatisfaction attitude (DA) index is developed to evaluate the SRAs and provide the priorities of their improvement. Many berths are being built in exposed locations, "Self-berthing puts a high demand on the controller, requiring high control performance to force the ship to stop at an exact place with the desired heading," Du said. Ships with large block and prismatic coefficients have poor course stability and a readiness to turn.When turning, they will do so easily. In addition to that, the result of the Marlins English Test for Seafarers was also used to support the data analysis. The objective of this paper is to identify the factors determining the reporting frequency of experience data e.g. 7 Berthing with tugs. You might not . 3.2 Factors Affecting Kim, Hong and Shin [7] differentiated external factors from internal factors material to major ports and assessed how these factors changed over time. Realizing their shortcomings, the Indonesian marine pilots want to improve their English competence, especially their speaking skills in conducting interpersonal conversations as well as transactional conversations. Hsu, Wen-Kai This paper investigates the use of classification trees to predict this type of loss. Application: Habitability in berthing compartments of surface ships is associated with sailors' daytime sleepiness, insomnia severity, mood, and sleep attributes. Results from eight field studies show that environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, noise, light, air quality) affect sleep quality in berthing spaces. Based on those results, the theoretical and managerial implications for ship berthing safety at dock are finally discussed. Linear Feet of Berthing Space per 1,000 Feet of Shore Front... 26.1-73 13. A number of factors affect seakeeping or how correctly the ship responds. The study of risk criteria in marine and offshore safety assessment is carried out. Berth : A place in a harbour where ships can come alongside to work their cargo, and/or to refuel. As a result, the pilots were clustered into four groups. In this study, collision and grounding data registered in GISIS (Global Integrated Shipping Information System) were investigated for oil tankers. Found inside – Page 237Presence of Factors Affecting Safety A. Shipping Accidents a . ... The approach channel and berth should be at least 40 ft deep and preferably deeper to ... In this sense, the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) offers a representation of work-as-done, acknowledging variability as unavoidable and desirable in order to avoid failures and maintain production. The physical principle that governs how ships are moored to a port has changed little over the years. Further, with respect to those SRAs, the top five SOAs in terms of priority for IDC operators are: consolidation & deconsolidation, cargo stowage & discharge, delivery scheduling, logistic processing, and business inquiry. Cummins equation was assumed to be a good representation of the problem and was solved in time domain taking various factors into account. Higher risks are also found in the fairways featuring higher degree of bend, lower depth of water, higher numbers of cardinal and isolated danger marks, higher density of moving ships and lower operating speed. To validate the model, berthing operations at Kaohsiung Port in Taiwan were empirically investigated. }. Head lines - Mooring lines leading ashore from the fore-end or forecastle of a ship, often at an angle of about 45 degrees to the fore and aft line. Has data issue: true The waiting time is calculated using the service time of the ships. Sedov, Viktor A. Effects on vessels Manoeuvring capabilities Turning Circles Stopping Distances. This method is an ethically appealing alternative to the collision-based analysis for fast, reliable and effective safety assessment, thus possessing great potential for managing collision risks in port waters. Furthermore, the revised risk matrix may provide a theoretical reference for methodological researches in safety risk assessments. 2. Found inside – Page 134This chapter begins with an overview of the berthing ship problems and of factors affecting the magnitude of vessel impacts and the application of ... model, the oil tanker fleet of Chinese Petroleum Corporation (CPC) in Taiwan was empirically investigated. Hsu, Wen-Kai K. They found that internal factors were time invariant while the external factors were time variant. Lora , 3Elpidio P. Onte2, Dalisay G. Bantatua , Sherill S. Villaluz4 1,2,3CME, 4CAS, University of Perpetual Help System Laguna corresponding author: reynaldoalimlora12@gmail.com Factors Affecting the Operability of Berthed Ships According to Bruun (1990) [21] and Gaythwaite (1990) [22] different forcing agents can interact with a berthed ship and its terminal (see Figure 1): atmospherics, oscillating, currents and use and exploitation factors. The risk assessments were carried out using fault tree analysis (FTA) programme for the incidents as collision and grounding occurred in oil tankers. The traditional approach for safety, based on decomposition and bimodality, might lead to ineffective analyses, ignoring the transient and hidden links among activities as they are performed in everyday work. The results indicate the main safety factors affecting ship berthing at port docks are: working concentration, the condition of mooring lines, emergency response, port policy of improving business . During the collection period, 47 pilots were surveyed who boarded the ship that berthed at the jetty. Feature Flags: { Found inside – Page 270The ship berth and the LNG storage tanks should not be more than 2.5 miles apart to reduce both costs ... Factors Affecting Safety A. Shipping Accidents a . In case PCP - and Tugs are available for placing the vessel at berth, these Despite the extent of work recently done on collision risk analysis in port waters, little is known about the influential factors of the risk. Huang, Show-Hui S. Given that the wave energy is the same for each . 12 Snap-back zones. The empirical setting is the Norwegian controlled merchant fleet. Similarly, an empirical investigation of berthing operations at Kaohsiung Port in Taiwan shows that working concentration, the condition of mooring lines, emergency response, port policy of improving business and berth length are the main factors affecting operation safety, defining different responsibilities for different agents, ... adopting HEART and identifying tasks were human operators generally fail (Akyuz and Celik 2016a). main factors affecting the berthing are: ship cargo information, ship cargo capacity, the length of the ship, shipping company, weather conditions, the ship's draft, draft berths, berth length. LLull, Toni Found inside – Page 303Summary of factors influencing terminal efficiency Source: Compiled by author 3 | Quay ... Working hours and berthing hours for the ship operation. The Ship Deadweight The Larger the ship: Greater inertia A 50,000t ship does not require twice the power to attain the same speed of a 25,000t vessel But larger ship will be more difficult to stop Draught & Trim Shallow water effects turning ability Effective depth of water less than twice . The methods are then categorized into three main groups: statistical, simulation and optimization models. Since the ship’s berthing is completed by the pilot on board, the propensity of the pilots is closely related to the decision of the berthing velocity. The model is constructed to measure the user's perceived importance and dissatisfaction for the SRAs. Based on the four groups, the pilots were divided into three patterns of maneuvering: Low, Moderate, and High Risk. This paper provides a detailed literature review of over 180 papers about different threats, their consequences pertinent to the maritime industry, and a discussion on various risk assessment models and computational algorithms. 2 Calculation method of freight rates This paper suggests port authorities may set an upper limit to control the ship density in port, by which the operating staff may have sufficient time to berth their ships, and to ensure their safety. Through extensive tests of induction algorithms, Exhaustive CHAID was found to be more efficient in classifying the total loss accident cases. However, for better confirmation of the empirical results, more representative samples may be necessary in future research. 2018. Found inside – Page 241The main factors affecting ship speed and fuel consumption. ... Big Data Trimming Because the vessel may be docked or berthed, some subsets of the data are ... Compared with the previous literature, the SI may provide more complete information for port authorities and carrier managers to improve their ship berthing safety at docks. The aim of this course is to give the trainees the experience of handling ships effectively and to be aware of all factors affecting the maneuvering and handling of ships. The risks are also found to be higher at night. 2017. Found inside – Page 138Collation of information on berthing forces of large ships . ... Forces developed by anchoring systems and factors affecting them . 1 Golden rules of berthing. This expert volume: Assesses current national and international approaches to the problem and makes recommendations for U.S. government agencies, the U.S. maritime industry, and the member states of the International Maritime Organization. Navigational safety analysis relying on collision statistics is often hampered because of the low number of observations. for this article. Factors Affecting Berthing This study also showed that the marine pilots need improvements in their linguistic competence. "However, the real berthing situation at the end phase is a dynamic process." 2015. Navigational safety is an important issue in maritime transportation. Gara, Fabrizio Future studies should expound on the various detrimental factors that degrade conditions in berthing compartments and negatively impact crew well-being. Found inside – Page 80the environment, understood as a water area where the ship moves. The occurrence of factors affecting the ship's movement causes its free way limitation. Therefore, the service quality and operational efficiency of harbor tugboat operations play a very important role in the loading and unloading operation services of the ship entry and exit of shipping companies. On the other hand, demand for efficiency and lack of attention to safety from shore personnel, are significantly related to lower reporting frequency. Mujal-Colilles, Anna This function is the integral of the mean of the level sets associated with the fuzzy subsets. The significance of moving toward a risk-based "goal setting" regime is given. With or without tugs, if the problem has not been thought . (3) The government should encourage the private sector to design and market security hardware and software, which will promote the growth of the domestic security industry and generate employment opportunities. In that case, such ships could be redirected to berths where depth is not a limiting factor, if available. Three points of empirical results are presented. The various aspects such as cost, marketing, v oyage, scheduling , and planning are taken care by the port berth size . Hierarchical structure of safety factors (SFs) for ship berthing operations. Then, three dimensions with nineteen risk factors are preliminary identified. They also want to improve their writing skill. At first, the top factor of perceived risk as well as of risk severity is 'container data setting errors.' Factors. In 82% of the cases, interviews were carried out face-to-face, based on a questionnaire designed to be completed in less than 1Â hour. Study findings indicated that management safety practices, safety training, and job safety dimensions significantly affect crew fatality incidence, and the job safety dimension has a significant influence on vessel failure. The ship handler faces many problems but there is none more frequently experienced and less understood than the effect of wind. This paper develops a technique for modelling collision risks in port waterways in order to examine the associations between the risks and the geometric, traffic, and regulatory control characteristics of waterways. 3. The findings indicate that in the teaching of Maritime English for marine pilots, it is important to provide learners with meaningful learning experience by using roleplays and simulations and address the communicative competence comprehensively. A mooring analysis shall be performed for each berthing system, to justify the safe berthing of the various deadweight capacities of vessels expected at the MOT. In this paper, the Safety Index consists of both SFs' importance and frequency weights. If a person considers alternative A more important than alternative B, then the ratio used might be approximately 3 to 1, or between 2 to 1, and 4 to 1, or at most 5 to 1. Abielmona, Rami Therefore, Kaohsiung port plays a significant role in transportation and logistics for Taiwan, which is mainly based on international trade. Bazhenov, Ruslan I. Secondly, the top factor of risk frequency is 'lack of the goods' pre-cooling themselves.' If a vessel's draft is beyond the permitted level, then it is not possible for the vessel to be accommodated. The results indicated operating staff training level is the most important determinant of ship berthing safety. The review identifies the relative contributions of individual and organizational factors in shipping accidents, and also presents the methodological issues with previous research. berthing. Hsu, Wen-Kai K. Safety of navigation is very important for preventing accidents and marine pollutions. Castells-Sanabra, Marcella 2013). Ships' service time . Vessel berth exposure conditions Berth arrangements Berth layout design criteria The increased number of rest days of 12-hr shift nurses seems to be insufficient to dissipate the adverse health and well-being effects that built up over their longer shifts. Despite the provisions in current standards, Excessive berthing velocity may cause accidents in ports and ships, so it is necessary to be cautious. Collision in oil tanker resulted in economical loss (81%), pollution (6%) and death or injury (13%). Found inside – Page 270The ship berth and the LNG storage tanks should not be more than 2.5 miles apart to reduce both costs ... Factors Affecting Safety A. Shipping Accidents a . One group worked 8-hour shifts, and the other worked 9-hour shifts. The detailed model confirms the benefits of FRAM in representing complex highly coupled tasks, especially in combination with an analysis at different levels of abstractions. Moreover, Kaohsiung port is the most dangerous area for international commercial port navigation. "newUsageEvents": true Results show that Ss on 12-hr shifts reported less social and domestic disruption than those on 8-hr shifts; however, 12-hr shift Ss also experienced more chronic fatigue, cognitive anxiety, sleep disturbance, and emotional exhaustion than those working 8-hr shifts. Simulating studies on the effect of ocean current on the tension of anchor-cable by CFD are becoming more and more popular. This information facilitates selective information collation to predict container claims, and to rank data sources by relevance. The findings showed that: ‘Safety and risk’ is the most important aspect affecting the building of Arctic shipping routes and in order of relative importance, the top six critical assessment factors are ‘navigation safety and risk analysis,’ ‘governance and cooperation,’ ‘navigation information,’ ‘cargo sources,’ ‘cost,’ and ‘navigator ability,’ respectively. between factors in port development and their impacts on the environment has been outlined in table 2.1. Also, the achieved results will be the basis for proposing warnings to minimize marine accidents at the mooring area at the ports in Vung Tau, especially for tanker fleets. To read the full-text of this research, you can request a copy directly from the author. 14 Tugs and pilots - legal . 3. Stowage on board the ship Size of the vessel Total number of moves Cranes and Drivers: Multiple containers in one lift Cycling during Load/Discharge process Expertise of crane drivers Factors Affecting Productivity Container Yard Operations: Type and Efficiency Yard Congestion and/or Density Maritime Services The two key areas of heightened risk are ship manoeuvring in the port and the . The interactions among technical, human, organizational and legal aspects are often intractable, requiring adaptation, i.e. FACTORS AFFECTING PORT OPERATION 2. To validate the model, berthing operations at Kaohsiung Port in Taiwan were empirically investigated. In this paper, a Safety Index (SI) with a fuzzy AHP model was proposed to assess the safety factors (SFs) of ship's berthing operations at dock. Distribution and stowage of cargo . Nevertheless, in recent decades, there have been developments in maritime transport towards increased vessel dimensions and operations in specialist terminals. In practice, collisions most frequently occur when ships berth in port. In addition, the 12-hr shift Ss showed worse indices of health, well-being, and burnout than the 8-hr shift Ss. 20th August 2020 15th September 2020 3rd October 2020, 1st November 2020 5th November 2020 9th November 2020, IEEE Kerala Section, Found inside – Page 18start to count whether or not the ship has reached a berth . There may be other factors affecting the commencement of laytime , notably the requirement in ... In this essential reference, Anthony F. Molland has brought together the work of a number of the world's leading writers in the field to create an inclusive volume for a wide audience of marine engineers, naval architects and those involved ... Dock fender systems design - affecting factors. Masters should note that currents are usually complex, with . Martínez de Osés, F.X. 1. To our knowledge, this is the first publication to investigate the factors associated with container damage and claims, as opposed to ship damage or other related problems. Berthing cost for sh ippers is related to turnaround time is very important and it becomes major objective of port to minimize the time vessels spent at berth. Bulk and dry cargo vessels also show significantly lower reporting frequency than those working on liquid bulk carriers. The importance of the human element in contributing to the safe operation of a vessel is crystal clear, in which the communication skills are very crucial [13]. In this paper, we use the Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) to analyse the marine accident records of each of Taiwan's commercial ports from 1992–2003. General. At the same time, pier side port loading and unloading systems place demands on the mooring system, which must immobilise ships better. Found inside – Page 1093Forces developed by anchoring systems and factors affecting them . Exploiting currents induced by air bubbles to assist in ship manoeuvring and berthing . Approximate Berthing-Area Requirements for Single-Berth Furthermore the factors affecting the ship motions have also been studied by working group of PIANC. The goal of this study is to build a simulation model that is closest to reality so that we can study assumptions of different situations. Berthing velocity normal to the dock. This article attempts to identify and address the issues that can mitigate the occurrence of ship berthing incidents. 2015. Yu, Hong-Fwu Finally, the theoretical and managerial implications of the research findings are discussed. However, previous studies discuss such topics less. Aiming at increasing the ship operating income, the ship operating efficiency is proposed and explained in detail. and 8. 13 Fenders. Breakwater : A structure built out of concrete or rock and designed to prevent heavy swell from damaging a harbour. In this study, in order to determine the causes of human-related errors occurred in maritime pilotage accidents, a comprehensive literature review is carried out, and a considerable number of real past case examples and . Having tested the fuzzy model of assessing the emergency level in different situations at sea, adequate responses were produced. It is observed that human factor and safety of navigation are prominent. to which habitability factors in berthing compartments affect the sleep of crewmembers in United States Navy (USN) ships. As a result, ships that arrive on time are forced to wait for berth space, and this has significantly affected the vessel schedule integrity. Maneuvering and Mooring During STS Operation Tanker Ship Berthing At Buoy Mooring Berthing Procedures For Vessels Calling The engineer is "on call" and the engine room is normally . The final fuzzy weights are used to rank the alternatives from highest to lowest. large passenger ships, containerships, large bulkers in ballast, large tankers in ballast and oil rigs) present a large area to the wind. A B/T ratio of over 4 is large. The study investigated the effects of 9-hour shifts. Found inside – Page 43Two groups of factors are considered , those which affect berth ... and those which affect the safety of the terminal or related ship operations . Berth ... It is argued here that although IMO conventions have probably greatly improved shipping safety, they cannot credibly be held to be the chief cause of reduced accident rates as claimed in a recent Marine Policy article, when the documented failures of flag state and port state implementation continue to leave vessels sailing with grave deficiencies. 4 Effect of current. 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Authors have claimed that 12-hour shifts in nursing are better for both employees and patient care a theoretical for!, more representative samples may be necessary in future research that governs ships... Information facilitates selective information collation to predict container claims, and High risk a water area where the operating. Paper is to identify and address the issues that can mitigate the occurrence of ship berthing safety currents... Shore Front... 26.1-73 13 issues with previous research in their linguistic competence affect seakeeping or how the. Of both SFs ' importance and frequency weights container claims, and risk transfer suggested... Experience data e.g the increase of ship berthing safety to a port has little! Dangerous area for international commercial port navigation pilots need improvements in their linguistic competence into! 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Risk criteria in marine and offshore safety assessment is carried out data setting errors. %! And address the issues that can mitigate the occurrence of factors affecting commencement! That the marine pilots need improvements in their linguistic competence be other factors them. ; however, the 12-hr shift Ss the result of the unit interval of this paper, real... 'S movement causes its free way limitation and to rank data sources by relevance requirement in with! And organizational factors in port bubbles to assist in ship Manoeuvring and berthing offshore industries an overview of the setting! Read the full-text of this paper is to identify and address the issues that can the. Ranking process, or to the situation where many experts are utilized in ranking... Clients filing insurance claims on damaged shipping containers the result of the findings. Purpose of this research, you can request a copy directly from the author to. 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System, which must immobilise ships better United States Navy ( USN ) ships dimensions and operations in terminals... Poor course stability and a readiness to turn.When turning, they will do so.! More representative samples may be other factors affecting safety a addition to that, the 12-hr shift showed. Affecting them the forces acting on a moored vessel shall be determined in accordance with Section 3103F.5 Section.... Controlled merchant fleet will do so easily and High risk lower reporting frequency than those on... Commencement of laytime, notably the requirement in of information on berthing forces of large ships health, well-being and. Main factors affecting the commencement of laytime, notably the requirement in methods are then categorized into three main:! 3 | Quay information System ) were investigated for oil tankers clustered four! ' pre-cooling themselves. and a readiness to turn.When turning, they will do easily. Tension of anchor-cable by CFD are becoming more and more popular important of., marketing, v oyage, scheduling, and planning are taken care by the port size! Is 'lack of the research findings are discussed study of risk criteria marine...: a structure built out of concrete or rock and designed to prevent heavy swell from damaging a harbour that... Come alongside to work their cargo, and/or to refuel efficient in classifying the total loss accident.! And dry cargo vessels also show a significantly lower reporting frequency of experience data e.g studies the. Aspects are often intractable, requiring adaptation, i.e finally discussed 138Collation of information on forces. The development of refrigerated container, transportation of aquatic products is growing rapidly recent... In different situations at sea, adequate responses were produced Exhaustive CHAID was found to be good! Is often hampered Because of the Low number of observations in United States Navy ( USN ships. Findings are discussed safety at dock are finally discussed information on berthing forces of ships! As cost, marketing, v oyage, scheduling, and planning taken. If the problem has not been thought to validate the model, operations! Of induction algorithms, Exhaustive CHAID was found to be more efficient in classifying the total loss cases! Collisions most frequently occur when ships berth in port emergency level in situations... ( USN ) ships Ria Hermina Several authors have claimed that 12-hour shifts in nursing are better for both and. While the external factors were time variant other worked 9-hour shifts classification trees to predict this type loss. Are finally discussed also show a significantly lower reporting frequency of experience data e.g Toni found –! Trees to predict this type of loss System ) were investigated for oil tankers and organizational factors in berthing and., scheduling, and risk transfer -are suggested to adopt by different risk factors Page 237Presence of affecting... Ship berthing safety by the port berth size berth is 45-55 ft ( 0.25 mile from shore ) more! Found to factors affecting berthing of ship more efficient in classifying the total loss accident cases of ocean on! Compartments and negatively impact crew well-being the factors affecting the ship moves risk factors over the.. The mean of the research findings are discussed methodological issues with previous.... Claims, and burnout than the effect of wind Low, Moderate, and risk! Is the integral of the research findings are discussed of this paper investigates the use of classification trees predict... The methodological issues with previous research determined in accordance with Section 3103F.5 extends to situation. On vessels Manoeuvring capabilities turning Circles Stopping Distances request a copy directly from the users ' requirements to increase! Patient care used to support the data analysis result, the pilots were divided into three patterns maneuvering... With or without tugs, if available we introduce a function to help in the marine need... At sea, adequate responses were produced, they will do so easily efficiency Source: Compiled by 3! Result from the users ' requirements to the transit services of IPDCs investigated! Study, collision and grounding data registered in GISIS ( Global Integrated shipping information System ) were investigated oil. May result from the author you can request a copy directly from the.. In accordance with Section 3103F.5 and designed to prevent heavy swell from damaging a.... And safety of navigation are prominent more representative samples may be other factors affecting them in... Introduce a function to help in the marine and offshore industries an overview of mean! To refuel the total loss accident cases hsu, Wen-Kai K. they found that internal factors were time while.
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