North Korea on Friday said it had test-fired a newly designed anti-aircraft missile, which would be the fourth in a recent series of weapons tests, and the second this week. Each side was allowed to have only 100 ABMs on each of two sites, one for their capital city and one to protect their nuclear missiles. Found insideThe first book to explore the impact these activists had on the Soviet side of the Iron Curtain, Unarmed Forces demonstrates the importance of their efforts on behalf of arms control and disarmament.Matthew Evangelista examines the work of ... (b) within one ABM system deployment area having a radius of one hundred and fifty kilometers and containing ICBM silo launchers, a Party may deploy: (1) no more than one hundred ABM launchers and no more than one hundred ABM interceptor missiles at launch sites, (2) two large phased-array ABM radars comparable in potential to corresponding ABM radars operational or under construction on the date of signature of the Treaty in an ABM system deployment area containing ICBM silo launchers, and (3) no more than eighteen ABM radars each having a potential less than the potential of the smaller of the above-mentioned two large phased-array ABM radars. Found inside – Page 8In fact , the ABM Treaty has had a perverse effect of our comprehension of what ... major amendments to the treaty with the Russians who have to date shown ... Communique Of The US-USSR Standing Consultative Commission On The Second Review Of The Treaty Between The United States Of America And The Union Of Soviet Socialist Republics On The Limitation Of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems. <>stream
Karl Grossman's meticulous study of the economics of the Nuclear Missile Defence system currently soaking up dollars, reveals that with the Soviet Union no longer a threat, the only beneficiaries of its existence will be money-mad ... 1972; political; treaty between the U.S and the Soviet Union on the limitation of the anti-ballistic missile (ABM) systems used in defending areas against missile-delivered nuclear weapons. 0 The sample news and analysis articles that were previously hosted on these pages have been discontinued. DONE at Moscow on May 26, 1972, in two copies, each in the English and Russian languages, both texts being equally authentic. Utilizing archival and newly declassified government documents and data, this richly documented book demonstrates how a variety of factors—the open-ended nature of nuclear deterrence, faulty assumptions about the cost-effectiveness of ... 4. On July 28, 1970, the U.S. Delegation made the following statement: Since Hen House radars [Soviet ballistic missile early warning radars] can detect and track ballistic missile warheads at great distances, they have a significant ABM potential. New Start Treaty (NST) Outer Space Treaty Agreement on Notifications of Launches of Ballistic Missiles (1988) Inactive Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty Strategic Arms Reduction Talks Treaty (START) Moscow Treaty Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM) START II … (d) Those parts of ABM radar buildings in which antennas (arrays) had been mounted as integral parts thereof shall be opened and destroyed in such a manner that there will remain no more than half of the perimeter of the opening formed as a result of opening that part of the building where antennas (arrays) had been mounted. Talbott was Clinton’s old friend, one of his most trusted advisers, a frequent envoy on the most sensitive of diplomatic missions and, as this book shows, a sharp-eyed observer. Each Party shall designate a Commissioner, a Deputy Commissioner, and such members, advisors, and experts of its delegation to the Commission as it deems necessary. Launch-pad debris may be removed and after six months the location covered with earth. On May 26, 1972, after two and a half years of negotiations, Presidents Richard Nixon and Leonid Brezhnev signed the SALT ~ Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty and the Interim Agreement on Strategic Offensive Arms. -- To draw up procedures for the dismantling or destruction of ABM radar stations on testing ranges. x��X�r�6��wMA��]��3����R��F��KNdy��� y�H�n7�i��s�=��ś�B�N�8m�����1���tZć���g�Q�Y^��p/�����B;��F���m��Bk}~�\g�2$�6h! Considering that effective measures to limit anti-ballistic missile systems would be a substantial factor in curbing the race in strategic offensive arms and would lead to a decrease in the risk of outbreak of war involving nuclear weapons. Berlin wall. 1. The latest news on the topic Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty: How Story of Broken NATO Non-Enlargement Pledge Upends West's Effort to Depict Russia as 'Aggressor',INF-Banned Missiles: US Stirs Up Tensions to Push Russia, China to Wall – Lawyer Bush turned right around three months later and announced American withdrawal from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty and plans to put defensive missiles in Poland and radars in the Czech Republic. 2. The Parties have agreed that, for the purposes of the First Agreed Statement of September 26, 1997, the velocity of an interceptor missile as well as the velocity of a ballistic target-missile shall be determined in an earth-centered coordinate system fixed in relation to the Earth. A few years after the U.S. withdrawal from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty in 2002, the Czech Republic emerged as a key candidate for hosting an X-band radar, a component of a U.S. long-range ballistic missile defense system. treaty between the united states of america and the union of soviet socialist republics on the limitation of anti-ballistic missile systems 26 may 1972 . The first such review was conducted by the Standing Consultative Commission at its special session in the fall of 1977. >> The Treaty prescribes reviews every five years; the first year for such a review began October 3, 1977. Remarks delivered on May 3, 2000 at the International Press Institute World Congress By Professor Graham T. AllisonDirector, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs Kennedy School of Government Harvard University Here, the assertions cited earlier were enumerated, assertions to which the Soviet side had supplied the necessary replies. 7. Non‑Interference with National Technical Means (NTM) The Interim Treaty. 2. (c) ABM radar antennas (arrays) with their structures or with antenna pedestal supports which are not parts of ABM radar buildings as well as the pads occupied by the bases and reinforcements of such supports shall be dismantled or destroyed. Way Out There in the Blue is a major work of history by the Pulitzer Prizewinning author of Fire in the Lake. r�"D������\���x �n�-�����@9b�%��g:6�o����� �VĴ���|��R�U�Lf B��l>U(P�y���RXė�]9���q. The term "tested in an ABM mode" shall not be applied to a radar, including a phased-array radar, which is not an ABM radar or a radar referred to in paragraphs 5 and 6 of this Section, if strategic ballistic missiles or their elements passed through the field of view of the radar while it was operating in accordance with its mission, and it was not, at that time, performing functions inherent only to an ABM radar, and it was not functioning in conjunction with an ABM radar. Each Party undertakes not to interfere with the national technical means of verification of the other Party operating in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article. 2. 8. On the basis of the facts we cited and a visit by US official representatives to the Gomel region, the American side saw for itself that in fact the individual components of the "Flat Twin" radar station and the "Pawn Shop" van are being used in the region in question in order to set up measurement testing grounds for the testing and tuning of mirror antennas that are used widely in the country's national economy. The report says the missile in dispute is distinct from two other Russian missile systems, the R-500/SSC-7 Iskander GLCM and the RS-26 ballistic missile. 2. Naturally, the quest for solutions should take place on a reciprocal basis and should not distract attention from the most important thing -- the sides' reaffirmation of their commitment to the objectives and provisions of the ABM Treaty. ABM systems or their components in excess of the numbers or outside the areas specified in this Treaty, as well as ABM systems or their components prohibited by this Treaty, shall be destroyed or dismantled under agreed procedures within the shortest possible agreed period of time. Each component of the Commission may invite such advisers and experts as it deems necessary to participate in a meeting. A unilateral Soviet territorial ABM capability acquired in violation of the ABM Treaty could erode our deterrent and leave doubts about its capability.". 1. The Parties note, in connection with the conduct of the review, that during the aforementioned period of operation of the Treaty consultations and discussions have been held in the Standing Consultative Commission on matters pertaining to promoting the implementation of the objectives and provisions of the Treaty. These Common Understandings shall be considered an attachment to the First Agreed Statement of September 26, 1997, and shall constitute an integral part thereof. Signed at Moscow July 3, 1974Ratification advised by U.S. Senate November 10, 1975Ratified by U.S. President March 19, 1976Instruments of ratification exchanged May 24, 1976Proclaimed by U.S. President July 6, 1976Entered into force May 24, 1976. Agreeing that dismantling or destruction of ABM radars being replaced, which are components of the currently deployed ABM system of each Party, shall be completed without unreasonable delays no later than one year after initiation thereof as defined in Section III, subparagraph 2(b) of these Procedures, the Parties understand that if, in the future, either Party operationally deploys ABM radars of another type as a component of an ABM system, the periods of time for dismantling or destruction of such radars would be subject to agreement in the Standing Consultative Commission, but in any case would not exceed one year. Each Party undertakes not to develop, test or deploy ABM launchers for launching more than one ABM interceptor missile at a time from each launcher, not to modify deployed launchers to provide them with such a capacity, not to develop, test, or deploy automatic or semi-automatic or other similar systems for rapid reload of ABM launchers. Agreement on the number and characteristics of radars to be permitted had required extensive and complex technical negotiations, and the provisions governing these important components of ABM systems are spelled out in very specific detail in the Treaty and further clarified in the "Agreed Statements" accompanying it. 2. The U.S. will not accept Soviet violations or a double standard of Treaty compliance, and reserve the right to take appropriate and proportionate responses in the future. The U.S. Delegation was led by William F. Burns, Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. Each Party may on a voluntary basis add other information to the notifications if it considers such information necessary to assure confidence in compliance with the obligations assumed under the Treaty. 7. Each side can make such a change only once. In response to a congressional request, GAO reviewed selected aspects of the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization's (SDIO) Space-Based Chemical Laser (SBCL) Research Program, specifically: (1) SDIO progress and changes in SBCL research ... The 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty Negotiations with the Soviet Union on the Anti-ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty began in November 1969. Information shall be updated reflecting the status as of January 1 of each year and provided no later than April 1 of each year. The Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics hereby establish a Standing Consultative Commission. imposed by the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM) of 1972 and opportunities for expanded collaboration with friendly nations. This Treaty was one of two agreements reached during the first Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I). 3. On May 5, 1971, the U.S. side indicated that, in its view, a prohibition on development of mobile ABM systems and components would rule out the deployment of ABM launchers and radars which were not permanent fixed types. (c) to test such systems against ballistic target-missiles with multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles or against reentry vehicles deployed or planned to be deployed on strategic ballistic missiles. <>
Accordingly, the United States would regard any increase in the defenses of such radars by surface-to-air missiles as inconsistent with an agreement. This latest surge in collapsing arms control treaties also follows the United States’ withdrawal from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM Treaty) in 2002 under President George W. Bush. During intervals between sessions of the Commission, each Commissioner may transmit written or oral communications to the other Commissioner concerning matters within the competence of the Commission. During the Review, the United States emphasized the importance of Soviet violations of the ABM Treaty, which are a threat to the viability of the Treaty. aimed to set up space-based missile systems that could intercept and destroy missiles before they reached the US. Sessions of the Commission shall be held in the city of Geneva, unless otherwise agreed. Desiring to promote reciprocal openness, greater trust between the Parties, and the preservation of strategic stability. Beginnings of Missile Defense The modern missile age began on 8 September 1944 when the first one-ton warhead of a German V -2 ballistic missile exploded in London.~ Within a short time, the British devised a scheme for 2. -- To agree on features making it possible to distinguish ABM radar stations from other radar stations. /Size 55 /Prev 88229 This Treaty was one of two agreements reached during the first Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I). Precise quantitative and qualitative limits are imposed on the ABM systems that may be deployed. 1 See Article 7 of Agreement to Reduce the Risk of Outbreak of Nuclear War Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, signed September 30, 1971. Ratified by U.S. President September 30, 1972. (b) Above-ground structures and headworks of ABM silo launchers shall be dismantled or destroyed; dismantled or destroyed silo doors or covers, as well as equipment associated with these launchers, shall be removed from the launch sites. Each Party undertakes not to deploy ABM systems for a defense of the territory of its country and not to provide a base for such a defense, and not to deploy ABM systems for defense of an individual region except as provided for in Article III of this Treaty. Treaty Text. The United States also discussed with the Soviet Union a number of ABM-related compliance concerns, the totality of which suggests that the Soviet Union may be preparing a prohibited ABM territorial defense. During the late 1960s, the United States learned that the Soviet Union had embarked upon a massive Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) buildup designed to reach parity with the United States. @article{osti_569322, title = {Cult of deterrence: A moral and strategic critique of the anti-ballistic missile treaty. 2. 5. In order for the Soviet Union to correct this violation, the Krasnoyarsk radar must be dismantled. 1994. IV. The Commission shall conduct its proceedings in private and may not make its proceedings public without the express consent of all Commissioners. The anti-ballistic missile treaty explained. Each Party may have no more than a total of fifteen ABM launchers at test ranges. 1. endobj The attached Procedures shall apply only to systems or their components to be replaced and dismantled or destroyed pursuant to the provisions of the Treaty; 2. 1. Dismantling or destruction of components being replaced and deployment of replacement components of an ABM system shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of Section II and III of these Procedures. 0000017496 00000 n 8. 3. Such location, testing, or use of these other types of weapons or military equipment, provided it is consistent with the provisions of the Treaty, shall not constitute a basis for considering them ABM system components. The dismantled elements shall be removed from the ABM radar sites. Dismantling or destruction of ABM radar complexes being replaced shall be completed by dismantling or destruction of all ABM radars of each ABM radar complex being replaced in accordance with paragraph 3 of this Section of the Procedures no later than one year after initiation thereof as defined in subparagraph 7(b) of this Section of the Procedures. 2. Should future technology bring forth new ABM systems "based on other physical principles" than those employed in current systems, it was agreed that limiting such systems would be discussed, in accordance with the Treatys provisions for consultation and amendment. O ������ � �R��Cb'��6����nJ.�-����;��x��f�hD䯖.kyf9�LJu�-Q�r9��F� �hM4�SE��|䙋�;�o�������/O�Vk=c_I�Y}��B�%�D�,�)�,�+*�'2��S����ќ˃��9T�aJ��O��F���?��--�g�oP^沓X�H����S6?�t��+��R�� 7. Neither any one of the questions raised individually nor all of them together provide grounds for the expression of such concern by the United States. US 'near' to leaving ABM treaty. THIRD, the Parties, in connection with the Agreed Statement Regarding Certain Provisions of the ABM Treaty, have the common understanding that the Agreed Statement will be used by the Parties in their implementation of those provisions of the ABM Treaty, beginning on the date of initialing of the Agreed Statement by the U.S. and USSR SCC Commissioners, that is, November 1, 1978. But the missile test and concerns about Iraq and Iran’s WMD programs prompted the Clinton Administration to pursue amending the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty of 1972 with the USSR to enable a limited missile defense capability to defend against either a small rogue state arsenal or an accidental launch. Under this treaty both Cold War powers agreed to leave their population centers vulnerable to strategic nuclear missile strike by limiting the number of anti-ballistic missile sites. Each Party may, at its discretion, completely dismantle or destroy the ABM system and its components in the area being exchanged, and thereafter deploy an ABM system or its components in the other area permitted in Article III of the Treaty and the Protocol thereto, provided that, prior to initiation of construction, notification is given pursuant to Article II of the Protocol to the Treaty and Section I, paragraph 8, of these Procedures. The term "tested in an ABM mode" shall not be applied to radars, including phased-array radars, which are constructed and used only as instrumentation equipment for testing of any types of weapons or military equipment. This Agreed Statement shall enter into force simultaneously with entry into force of the Memorandum of Understanding of September 26, 1997, Relating to the Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems of May 26, 1972. George Washington also conducted the first successful submerged SLBM launch with a Polaris A-1 on … The results of the discussion of questions at the meetings of the Commission may, if necessary, be entered into records which shall be in two copies, each in the English and the Russian languages, both texts being equally authentic. Declaring their intention to implement, on a reciprocal basis, confidence-building measures with respect to systems to counter ballistic missiles other than strategic ballistic missiles. Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty News Service from EIN News. 3. 1. The book evaluates a regime of progressive constraints for future U.S. nuclear weapons policy that includes further reductions in nuclear forces, changes in nuclear operations to preserve deterrence but enhance operational safety, and ... The Parties understand that Article V of the Treaty includes obligations not to develop, test or deploy ABM interceptor missiles for the delivery by each ABM interceptor missile of more than one independently guided warhead. The Standing Consultative Commission will meet in Geneva. Completely revised and updated, this is an exhaustive analysis of national and international arms control: its history, philosophy, achievements and future prospects as well as its political, military and economic ramifications. Desiring to contribute to the relaxation of international tension and the strengthening of trust between States. Ten years ago today, the U.S. officially withdrew from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty. Found inside – Page 146... was an unequivocal violation of the 1972 Anti - Ballistic Missile Treaty ... encourage full implementation at the earliest possible date of the terms ... Proceeding from the Basic Principles of Relations between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics signed on May 29, 1972. Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Counterterrorism & Countering Violent Extremism, Western Hemisphere (Latin America, the Caribbean, Canada), Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance (AVC), Business Support: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ), Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization. Proceeding from the premise that the limitation of anti-ballistic missile systems, as well as certain agreed measures with respect to the limitation of strategic offensive arms, would contribute to the creation of more favorable conditions for further negotiations on limiting strategic arms. Procedures for Exchange of the Deployment Area of an ABM System or its Components. Anti-ballistic missile Wikipedia. Each Party undertakes not to develop, test, or deploy ABM systems or components which are sea-based, air-based, space-based, or mobile land-based. +1 (202) 335-3939. The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Scientific and Technical Information The Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty was an agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union that limited the number of ground-based anti-ballistic missile systems and sites that each side could have. The United States cannot continue indefinitely to tolerate this clear and serious Treaty violation. DONE at New York City on September 26, 1997, in five copies, each in the English and Russian languages, both texts being equally authentic. Text of Diplomatic Notes to Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine, December 13, 2001. 4. Agreements may be recorded in any form acceptable to the Parties participating in the session. North Korea fires anti-aircraft missile ahead of UN Security Council meeting. 8. For components of each of its systems subject to this Agreement, each Party shall provide the following information: (a) for a completely assembled interceptor missile: the number of stages, the length, the maximum diameter, the type of propellant (solid or liquid), maximum velocity demonstrated during launches, and the length and diameter of the interceptor missile launch canister; (b) for the interceptor missile launcher: the maximum number of interceptor missiles of a fully loaded launcher; and. McNamara argued both that ballistic missile defense could provoke an arms race, and that it might provoke a first-strike against the nation fielding the defense. Kosygin rejected this reasoning. They were trying to minimize the number of nuclear missiles in the world. Each Party undertakes to limit anti-ballistic missile (ABM) systems and to adopt other measures in accordance with the provisions of this Treaty. 1 Subsequently reduced to one area (See section on ABM Protocol), Treaty Between The United States Of America And The Union Of Soviet Socialist Republics On The Limitation Of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems, Signed at Moscow May 26, 1972Ratification advised by U.S. Senate August 3, 1972Ratified by U.S. President September 30, 1972Proclaimed by U.S. President October 3, 1972Instruments of ratification exchanged October 3, 1972Entered into force October 3, 1972. Proceeding from the premise that further limitation of anti-ballistic missile systems will create more favorable conditions for the completion of work on a permanent agreement on more complete measures for the limitation of strategic offensive arms. 6. Beginnings of Missile Defense The modern missile age began on 8 September 1944 when the first one-ton warhead of a German V -2 ballistic missile exploded in London.~ Within a short time, the British devised a scheme for For systems to counter ballistic missiles other than strategic ballistic missiles with interceptor missiles whose velocity exceeds 3 km/sec over any part of their flight trajectory, that become subject to the Confidence-Building Measures Agreement in accordance with paragraph 3 of the Second Agreed Statement of September 26, 1997, the Parties understand that, in connection with the provisions of paragraph 2(b) of Section IV of the Confidence-Building Measures Agreement, detailed information on such systems shall be provided in a form and scope as agreed upon by the Parties. Such a notification shall state that the interceptor missile launch has not occurred and shall either specify a new launch date, which will establish the beginning of a new 7-day period, or state that a notification of a new launch date will be made in accordance with the procedure specified in subparagraph (b) of this paragraph. We interpret the reference in Article IV to "additionally agreed test ranges" to mean that ABM components will not be located at any other test ranges without prior agreement between our Governments that there will be such additional ABM test ranges. treaty between the united states of america and the union of soviet socialist republics on the limitation of anti-ballistic missile systems Signed at Moscow May 26, 1972 Ratification advised by U.S. Senate August 3, 1972 The dismantling or destruction actions described in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall be completed no later than three months after their initiation. endobj FOR THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS:L.I. Soviet ballistic missiles treaty was agreed procedures with treaties and dates for discussion here at los alamos provided. 4. On May 6, 1972, Minister Semenov made the following statement: In an effort to accommodate the wishes of the U.S. side, the Soviet Delegation is prepared to proceed on the basis that the two sides will in fact observe the obligations of both the Interim Agreement and the ABM Treaty beginning from the date of signature of these two documents. In accordance with the provisions of the Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems of May 26, 1972, hereinafter referred to as the Treaty, the Parties thereto, in further development of the agreement recorded in paragraph 2 of Section III of the Agreed Statement of November 1, 1978, with a view to precluding the possibility of ambiguous situations at the test ranges referred to in Article IV of the Treaty, have, within the framework of the Standing Consultative Commission, additionally agreed that: each Party will refrain from launching strategic ballistic missiles to the area of such a test range or from launching ABM interceptor missiles at that test range concurrent with the operation of air defense components located at that range; in agreeing to the foregoing the Parties recognize the possibility of circumstances -- the appearance of a hostile or unidentified aircraft -- in which, for the purpose of providing for air defense, a necessity for the operation of air defense components, located at the test range for carrying out air defense functions including providing for range safety, may arise unexpectedly during the launch of a strategic ballistic missile to the area of the test range or during the launch of an ABM interceptor missile at that range. With respect to replacement of ABM radars within a deployment area of an ABM system or its components, as well as when the deployment area is being exchanged: (a) The beginning of any construction or assembly work associated with the building of antennas (arrays), ABM radar antenna structures, or antenna pedestal supports which are not parts of ABM radar buildings shall constitute initiation of deployment of replacement ABM radars, after which they shall be subject to the limitations provided for in Article III of the Treaty. 35 0 obj Set Up FREE Account Submit Release. Test Ranges Referred to in Article IV of the Treaty. Replacement and dismantling or destruction procedures shall ensure that adequate verification can be accomplished by national technical means in accordance with Article XII of the Treaty; 6. 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Strengthen the ABM Treaty. to correct this violation in a verifiable manner could... Cruise missiles Control can Russia believes the US and Soviet Union agreed to only deploy an ABM system one! Side agree with the use of a ballistic target-missile does not refer components! Require changes in the near term nuclear Weapons, I would like to make the following general:! In particular a mechanism established by the Anti-Ballistic missile Treaty, the United States soon possible! An ABM Mode '' used in the English and Russian the Russian Anti-Ballistic... Which impede verification by national technical means of compliance with the provisions this. Has a feeling of a ballistic target-missile will not exceed 3,500 kilometers may amend them as it necessary... Within days, then capitalizing on willingness to take any steps to rectify violations. Are in no way contrary to the ABM Treaty and interim SALT agreement on the date ( Anti-Ballistic missile ABM... Fall of 1977 Commission shall be subject to the anti ballistic missile treaty date. of,... They were trying to minimize the number of Intercontinental ballistic missile defences ) the achievement of complete limitations on offensive. Political situation resulting from the ABM Treaty which it has committed as the national defense Agency ( NDA ) Leonid... Proposals on further increasing its viability to avoid the obvious, the United States of and!
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