Historic Bethel Baptist Church. Birmingham Project. Found inside... of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, before they are bombed to ... in 1958, a dynamite bomb rocked the Bethel Baptist Church, ... 0:00 / 2:04 •. After the bombing, Stoner approached the two to claim credit for organizing the attack at Bethel and demanding a $2,000 payment. 58th Anniversary of the Bombing of 16th Street Baptist Church Bombings were a common occurrence during this time. No known restrictions on images made by the U.S. Government; images copied from other sources may be restricted. The bombing cemented Shuttlesworth's fiery determination to bring Birmingham to the center of the Civil Rights Movement. William H. Greason. Found inside – Page xviJune 29: Bethel Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, is bombed by the Ku Klux Klan. 1959 March 11: Lorraine Hansberry'sA Raisin in the Sun premieres on ... The church served as a gathering place for discussions of civil rights among blacks. Found inside... Klan leader Hugh Morris to bomb Shuttlesworth's Bethel Baptist Church.15 ... Birmingham continued to be a flashpoint in the civil rights struggle and ... Bethel Baptist Church is a historic church in the Collegeville neighborhood of Birmingham, Alabama.The church served as headquarters from 1956 to 1961 for the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights (ACMHR), which was led by Fred Shuttlesworth and active in the Birmingham during the Civil Rights Movement.The ACMHR focused on legal and nonviolent direct action against segregated . In 1962, Bethel Baptist Church was the headquarters for change in Birmingham. The issue exploded, literally. [Photograph] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/al1126/. Fred L. Shuttlesworth, a leader of the Birmingham Civil Rights Movement. 1960s On Sept. 15, 1963, four black schoolgirls were killed by a bomb at Birmingham's 16th Street Baptist Church before Sunday morning service. This organization was a prime impetus for what became the Civil Rights Movement in Birmingham. The Birmingham church bombing occurred on September 15, 1963, when a bomb exploded before Sunday morning services at the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama—a church with a . Bombingham is a nickname for Birmingham, Alabama during the Civil Rights Movement due to the 50 dynamite explosions that occurred in the city between 1947 and 1965. If only black-and-white ("b&w") sources are listed and you desire a copy showing Later, Shuttlesworth, a former truck driver who studied religion at night, became pastor of Bethel Baptist Church in Birmingham, Ala., in 1953 and soon was an outspoken leader in the fight for racial equality. Found inside1958 June 29: Bethel Baptist Church is bombed, the second of three such attacks on the church. 1961 May 17: Freedom Riders arrive in Birmingham and, ... The blast killed four young girls and injured twenty-two others. Bethel Baptist Church in 1993 (Jet Lowe for HABS) Interior of Bethel Baptist Church. Stoner, who was suspected by prosecutors in as many as a dozen other bombings and had once . But Bethel remains proud of its position and accepts its place in the struggle for equal rights, says the Rev. It was the third explosion in the city in 11 days after federal legislation mandated the integration of Alabama schools. trans by Price, Virginia Barrettmitter Documentation Compiled After. Shuttlesworth was home at the time of the bombing with his family and two members of Bethel Baptist Church, where he served as pastor. Found inside – Page 64... such as Eugene 'Bull' Connor in Birmingham, Alabama. When white racists bombed Bethel Baptist Church there, King insisted that the president should act. President Obama Designates Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument. Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Birmingham, Jefferson County, Alabama. "The story of Birmingham is the story of America," Bell said. We'll never forget the four little girls who were killed — Addie Mae. Found inside – Page 191In June 1958 KKK members bombed Shuttlesworth's Birmingham Bethel Baptist Church, headquarters of the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights. That horrific event helped to wake up ambivalent white Americans to the plight of Southern blacks. He was beaten by Klansmen and his home and church bombed. Shuttlesworth, a former truck driver who studied religion at night, became pastor of Bethel Baptist Church in Birmingham, Ala., in 1953 and soon was an outspoken leader in the fight for racial . In the 1950s, while Shuttlesworth was pastor, the church and the parsonage were bombed on separate occasions. Bethel Baptist was bombed three times between 1956 and 1962. On the C-SPAN Networks: William H. Greason is a Pastor for the Bethel Baptist Church (Birmingham, AL) with one video in the C-SPAN Video Library; the first appearance was a . Historic Bethel Baptist Church. Only one man was convicted for the crimes of many in the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church bombing case. Found inside – Page 104Facing extradition to Alabama , where placing a bomb against an inhabited ... years in prison for the 1958 bombing of Birmingham's Bethel Baptist Church . Found inside – Page 259conspiring in the 1958 bombing of the Bethel Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama. Stoner's incendiary diatribe-"Niggers want to integrate because they ... Photograph. Photo from National Historic Landmarks collection. Following the bombing at Bethel Baptist on 29 June, Stoner reportedly contacted Morris in order to obtain money that had been offered by the undercover officers (Connor, Statement on bombing at Bethel Baptist Church, 16 July 1958; Morris, Interview by Bob Eddy and John East, 29 June 1977). the Library of Congress because of rights considerations, but you have access to larger size images on If you do not see a thumbnail image or a reference to another surrogate, please fill out a call slip in 1960s On Sept. 15, 1963, four black schoolgirls were killed by a bomb at Birmingham's 16th Street Baptist Church before Sunday morning service. Willie O. Greason on Sunday, September 1. A bronze replica of a pair of girl's patent leather shoes are part of a sculpture at the entrance to a park across the street from the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama. Born in Mount Meigs, AL in 1922, Shuttlesworth served as pastor of Bethel Baptist Church from 1953 to 1961 and used his pulpit to forcefully protest Jim Crow segregation despite three dynamite attacks on the church. Unfortunately, the same thing can not be said of the bombing of Birmingham's 16th Street Baptist Church in 1963 where four young black girls were murdered. the original in color by citing the Call Number listed above and including the catalog Historic American Buildings Survey, Creator, et al., photographer by Lowe, Jet. Historic Bethel Baptist Church served as a frequent meeting place for the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights, founded by Bethel's pastor, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth, in 1956. His Birmingham Project is a deeply felt and abstractly rich tribute to the victims of the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing 1 in the city of Birmingham, Alabama, on . Early on the morning of Sunday, June 29, 1958, a bomb exploded outside Bethel Street Baptist Church on the north side of Birmingham, Alabama, in one of the segregated city's African American neighborhoods. Bethel Baptist Church Pastor Thomas Wilder, Birmingham City Councilman Jay Roberson, Ann Florie, Susan Shields and Dr. Martha Bouyer meet in front of the historic church. The fight for civil rights will always be associated with Birmingham. On December 25, 1956, Ku Klux Klan members bombed the Birmingham, Alabama, home of civil rights activist Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth. Found inside – Page 40The Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth and the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights ... Klansmen bombed Bethel Baptist Church a third time on December 14, ... On this day, in Birmingham. "It's the story of struggle. Found inside – Page 644In addition, until the night before the riot, Birmingham agents continued to hope that Chief ... Bombing in front of Bethel Baptist Church, December 14, ... Do the Access Advisory or Call Number fields above indicate that a non-digital surrogate exists, Library of Congress Duplication Services. Retrieved from the Library of Congress,
. The fight for civil rights will always be associated with Birmingham. The church often served as a gathering place for discussions of civil rights among Blacks, gatherings that angered white supremacists. In 1953, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth became head pastor of the church, and Bethel quickly became the center of the civil rights movement in Birmingham. Found inside – Page 66In June 1958, a dynamite bomb rocked the Bethel Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, led by the Reverend Fred L. Shuttlesworth, a civil rights luminary. In 1956, he bombed Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth's Bethel Baptist Church and by the end of the decade was responsible for most of Birmingham's bombings which earned him the nickname, "Dynamite . Because of the church's visibility in the fight for integration, segregationists targeted the church on three . Spectators gathered early on Saturday outside the historic Bethel Baptist Church where Shuttlesworth served as pastor from 1953 to 1961, surviving the Christmas Day 1956 bombing of the parsonage. In some cases, a surrogate (substitute image) is 5:00 at 202-707-6394, and Press 3. Found inside... Walter Bethany Baptist Church Bethel Baptist Church the Bible Bigelow, Albert (“Al”) Birmingham, Alabama attacks in bomb threats in doctors in police in ... After the church bombing, but before he was sentenced for his crime decades later . Rev. Found inside – Page 89THE BATTLE OF BIRMINGHAM On December 17 , 1962 , Bethel Baptist Church in Birmingham was bombed . At the time of the explosion , twelve children were ... It began in 1957 when Shuttleworth enrolled his children in an all-white public school in the city. He was beaten by Klansmen and his home and church bombed. Fred Shuttlesworth, who led the Civil Rights Movement in Birmingham. The bomb used consisted of 16 sticks of dynamite placed into a white 5-gallon paint bucket and left beside the church. September 15, 1963. Bethel Baptist Church is listed as a National Historic Landmark, a National Treasure and part of the Birmingham Civil Rights Monument. (Frank Couch/The Birmingham Times) The original church, at 3233 29th Ave. N, has been the focus of restoration efforts. Bethel Baptist Church The church was rebuilt after the Christmas Day bombing. Four members of a local Ku Klux Klan chapter planted 19 sticks of dynamite attached to a timing device beneath the steps located on the east side of the church.. It's the story of resolution." Lisa McNair, sister of Denise McNair, one of the four girls killed during the 1963 bombing of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, spoke favoring a national park designation. Found inside – Page 7BOMBING. T. he morning of December 13, 1962, was clear and cold in Birmingham, Alabama. A group of kids and adults were cleaning Bethel Baptist Church. 58th anniversary of the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, Alabama. The detectives expressed interest in contacting the men responsible for a string of bombings in the city and implied that they could provide financial support for future bombings in an effort to gain information. Shuttlesworth survived a bombing of the adjacent parsonage on Christmas night in 1956. Jefferson County Alabama Birmingham, 1933. such as microfilm or copy prints? Photo by Ted Tuker . Historic Bethel Baptist Church "On September 15, 1963, the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama was bombed. The 1958 Bethel Baptist Church bombing was a racially motivated terrorist attack against Civil Rights Movement leader Fred Shuttlesworth's Bethel Baptist Church in Collegeville on June 29, 1958.The bombing was the second in a string of three bomb attacks targeting the church. Few churches in Alabama have quite as rich a history as Bethel Baptist. A crater was left in the middle of 28th Avenue North. Found insideAlready the site of a 1956 bombing, the Bethel Baptist Church, referred to by some as the mother of the civil rights movement in Alabama, included the ... Recent Appearances. The 16th Street Baptist Church bombing. On September 15, 1963, a bomb explodes during Sunday morning services in the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, killing . The 1958 Bethel Baptist Church bombing was a racially motivated terrorist attack against Civil Rights Movement leader Fred Shuttlesworth's Bethel Baptist Church in Collegeville on June 29, 1958. Dawoud Bey: The Birmingham Project celebrates the National Gallery of Art's recent acquisition of four large-scale photographs and one video from Bey's most important series, "The Birmingham Project," a deeply felt and conceptually rich monument to the victims of the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, Alabama, on September 15, 1963. This tour is presented by the Historic Bethel Baptist Church Community Rest… Birmingham Civil Rights Institute. Princeton Baptist Medical Center spokeswoman Jennifer Dodd confirmed he died at the Birmingham hospital Wednesday morning. Found insideSee Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights (ACMHR). ... See Bethel Baptist Church. bombings buses Children's Crusade Freedom Riders King, ... Duplication Services Web site. He became pastor of Bethel Baptist Church in Birmingham in 1953 and met King in 1954 â€" a year before Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery city bus. available, often in the form of a digital image, a copy print, or microfilm. Fred Shuttlesworth, was pastor of Bethel Baptist from 1953 through 1961. The bomb used consisted of 16 sticks of dynamite placed into a white 5-gallon paint bucket and left beside the church . Robert E. Dawson, Pastor of First Ebenezer Baptist Church will be the guest minister for the 3 p.m. service. Shuttlesworth was home at the time of the bombing with his family and two members of Bethel Baptist Church, where he served as pastor. Christmas night, 1956 - Birmingham, Alabama: The late-night explosion reduced the small house to shambles and rattled windows a mile away. Alabama, the bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church killed four young African-American girls: Addie Mae Collins, aged fourteen, Denise McNair, aged eleven, Carole Robertson, aged fourteen, and Cynthia Wesley, aged fourteen. Johnson and others located the bomb and carried it to the street before it exploded. The charge was endangering life by placing a bomb near an occupied dwelling. ", Garrison, Greg (January 17, 2011) "Birmingham honors Colonel Stone Johnson's courage.". Photo(s): 5 | Measured Drawing(s): 1 | Photo Caption Page(s): 1, Howell, Brenda - White, Marjorie L - Hamilton, Amy - Stroud, Nathan J - Price, Virginia Barrett - Pettiford, William - Rayfield, Wallace a - Lowe, Jet - Slaughter, Carol - Birmingham Historical Society - Dennis, Christopher - Jones, Bill - Anderson, Richard K, Jr - Historic American Buildings Survey - Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights, Photo(s): 9 | Measured Drawing(s): 1 | Photo Caption Page(s): 1, White, Marjorie L - Hamilton, Amy - Price, Virginia Barrett - Rayfield, Wallace a - Lowe, Jet - Slaughter, Carol - Birmingham Historical Society - Dennis, Christopher - Jones, Bill - Anderson, Richard K, Jr - Historic American Buildings Survey - Howell, Brenda, Photo(s): 4 | Measured Drawing(s): 1 | Photo Caption Page(s): 1, Anderson, Richard K, Jr - White, Marjorie L - Hamilton, Amy - Lowe, Jet - Price, Virginia Barrett - Rayfield, Wallace a - Morton, Ellis M - Franklin, C L - Slaughter, Carol - Birmingham Historical Society - Dennis, Christopher - Jones, Bill - Parker, C H - Historic American Buildings Survey - Howell, Brenda, Photo(s): 18 | Color Transparencies: 3 | Measured Drawing(s): 16 | Data Page(s): 36 | Photo Caption Page(s): 3, Ferguson, James N - Krahe, Matthew J. M. - Hervey, Douglas J - L. L. Samms and Sons Company - Windham, Thomas C - Shuttlesworth, Fred - Clark, Sharon C - Rayfield, Wallace a - Windham Brothers Construction Company - Lowe, Jet - Knyviene, Daina - King, Martin Luther, Jr - Historic American Buildings Survey, Photo(s): 1 | Measured Drawing(s): 2 | Data Page(s): 6 | Photo Caption Page(s): 1, Benz, Sue - White, Marjorie J - Anderson, Richard K - Price, Virginia Barrett - White, Marjorie Lee - Lowe, Jet - Slaughter, Carol - Birmingham Historical Society - Dennis, Christopher - Jones, Bill - Historic American Buildings Survey - Howell, Brenda. The explosion . Dawoud Bey's career focuses on portraying American youth as well as those from marginalized communities. Celebrate African American History Month 2005--A National Register of Historic Places Feature. The bombing cemented Shuttlesworth's fiery determination to bring Birmingham to the center of the Civil Rights Movement. The issue exploded, literally. The shock wave from the explosion damaged windows and rattled cupboards for several blocks' radius. Found inside – Page 38Churches in Birmingham , Alabama , and at Pine Bluff and Gillet , Arkansas , were bombed . Bethel Baptist Church in Birmingham had been bombed twice before ... The church's pastor, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth, was a civil rights activist working to eliminate segregation in Birmingham. Found inside – Page 125Robert Chambliss , 73 , of Birmingham , a retired auto mechanic , was accused on Monday of the 1963 bombing of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church in ... the Birmingham church bombing that changed the course of civil rights "On September 15, 1963, the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama was bombed. Extradition of J. 16th Street Baptist Church Bombing (1963) Upon learning of the bombing at the Church, Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. sent a telegram to Alabama Governor George Wallace, a staunch and vocal segregationist, stating bluntly: 'The blood of our little children is on your hands." The brutal attack and the deaths of the four little girls shocked the nation and drew international attention to the . Fred Shuttlesworth during the Civil Rights Movement. J. Credit: Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture. The sculpture is a memorial to the four young girls killed in a bombing at the church in September 1963. Bethel Baptist Church The site of three separate bombings, this church was the headquarters for the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights. We'll never forget the four little girls who were killed — Addie Mae. Found inside7 churches bombed, one of which was for whites; an attempt made to bomb ... in Birmingham, Alabama where, during the early part of the 1960s, bombing of ... Found inside – Page 66The Birmingham Church Bombing Case Frank Sikora ... For instance, when the New Bethel Baptist Church was bombed on January 16, 1962, there was only one ... The 16-stick dynamite blast destroyed the home and . Sixteenth Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, Alabama, in which four children were murdered, 1963. Hello and welcome to the Historic Bethel Baptist Church of Collegeville. Bethel Baptist Church,Twenty-ninth Avenue, North, Birmingham, Jefferson County, AL. Found inside – Page 54... the bond to $ 25,000 and drop all charges except ' possession of a bomb . ... for the 1958 bombing of the Bethel Baptist Church in Birmingham , Alabama ... The church often served as a gathering place for discussion of civil rights among blacks, gatherings that angered white supremacists. This book is about the courage and dedication of many unsung heroes of the early Civil Rights Movement. 1963 BIRMINGHAM Alabama church bombing. Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as The pastor is Thomas Wilder Jr . Found inside – Page 127... 1988 of the 1966 murder of Vernon Dahmer); and J. B. Stoner (convicted in the late 1970s for the 1958 bombing of Bethel Baptist Church in Birmingham). Bethel Baptist Church,Twenty-ninth Avenue, North, Birmingham, Jefferson County, AL. Therefore, it does not license or charge permission fees for use of such material and cannot grant or deny permission to publish or otherwise distribute the material. The church was the site of the 1963 bombing that killed four young black girls. RISE OF A MOVEMENT Birmingham played a significant role in the civil rights movement, but the September 1963 bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church proved a turning point in the movement. Glass shards collected outside the 16th Street Baptist Church at the funeral of the four girls killed in the bombing. Live. Cynthia Wesley (03:25) Friends and family members describe the type of child Cynthia was. Historic American Buildings Survey, Creator, Fred Lee Shuttlesworth, Alabama Christian Movement For Human Rights, Milton Sears, Contractor Birmingham Historical Society, Carol Slaughter, Christopher Dennis, et al., Lowe, Jet, photographer. Credit Alabama Power Foundation . Rebuild Bethel. An official ceremony was held at the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, to commemorated the 50th anniversary of the bombing of the church by segregationists on September 15, 1963. Bombingham is a nickname for Birmingham, Alabama during the Civil Rights Movement due to the 50 dynamite explosions that occurred in the city between 1947 and 1965. Found insideBirmingham, Alabama: The Climactic Battle of the Civil Rights Revolution Diane ... 409 churches, black, 78,88–90, 111–12, 181 Bethel Baptist bombings, ... Alternatively, you can purchase copies of various types through The bombings were initially used against African Americans attempting to move into neighborhoods with entirely white residents.Later, the bombings were used against anyone working towards racial desegregation in the city. Dawoud Bey's series The Birmingham Project (2012) responds to the September 15, 1963 bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, During that time, the church was pastored by Rev. Sixteenth Street Baptist Church Bombing White vigilantes attempted to scuttle the race reforms by bombing sites related to the civil rights struggle. Fred Shuttlesworth, became a sacred site in the history of civil rights in the US when it was bombed not once, but twice. A statue to the four girls killed in the 16th Street Baptist Church Birmingham bombing at the corner of Kelly Ingram Park facing onto the church itself. Fred Shuttlesworth, became a sacred site in the history of civil rights in the US when it was bombed not once, but twice. The blast killed four young girls and injured twenty-two others. To contact Reference staff in the Prints and Photographs Reading Room, please use our Birmingham in the 1960s was infamous for racial hate crimes and being a home to many KKK members. Bethel Baptist Church in Collegeville, where the Rev. B. Due to Rev Shuttlesworth's constant pressure against the status quo of segregation and racism in the 1950s, this church was bombed three times and still . Bethel Baptist Church, 3233 Twenty-ninth Avenue, North, . On Christmas Day, 1956, a large bundle of dynamite exploded next to Bethel Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, destroying the parsonage in which . It began in 1957 when Shuttleworth enrolled his children in an all-white public school in the city. Found inside... to several bombings including the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church bombing and the Bethel Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, Alabama, in the 1960s. Found inside – Page 276... 1956 Whites explode a bomb in Martin Luther King Jr.'s home in Montgomery, Alabama. ... the Bethel Baptist Church parsonage in Birmingham, Alabama. Thomas L. Wilder, Pastor of the "new" Bethel Baptist Church, will serve as your host. Civil rights legend, the Rev. Price lists, contact information, and order forms are available on the When court-ordered school desegregation arrived in the city in September 1963, Klansmen bombed the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, killing four black girls. Found inside – Page 265... 1958, bombing of the bethel baptist church in birmingham, Alabama, but was not indicted until 1977. He was not charged with planting the bomb but with ... (1933) Bethel Baptist Church,Twenty-ninth Avenue, North, Birmingham, Jefferson County, AL. Bethel Baptist Church (sometimes Bethel Baptist Church-Collegeville) is a Baptist church located at 3200 28th Avenue North in Collegeville. The blast killed four young girls and injured twenty-two others. Bill Baxley was running for governor in 1978. Founded in 1904, Bethel is one of the oldest churches in the city and played a pivotal role in the Civil Rights Movement. Bethel Baptist Church. Found inside – Page 471The Civil Rights Life of Birmingham's Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth Andrew M Manis ... summary of interview concerning bombing of Bethel Baptist Church, ... Rev. On December 25, 1956, Ku Klux Klan members in Alabama bombed the home of civil rights activist Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth. 58th anniversary of the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, Alabama. The first thing I noticed when arriving at Birmingham's Bethel Baptist Church of Collegeville today for the "homegoing" service of the Rev. The movement started with Bethel Baptist Church pastor, Fred Shuttleworth. Found inside – Page 121... him $2,000 to bomb Fred Shuttlesworth's Bethel Baptist Church. Stoner visited Birmingham on June 14, using a car on loan from Morris to case the church, ... https://www.loc.gov/item/al1126/. Guards managed to move a paint can full of dynamite from the church to a ditch before it exploded, but nearby windows were still blown out by the blast. In 1977, Stoner was indicted for the 1958 bombing of Bethel Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama. This page was last modified on 19 June 2014, at 14:18. Stoner fought extradition for three years, and was tried in May 1980. BIRMINGHAM, Ala. — 63 years ago this summer, a white supremacist bombed Bethel Baptist Church in Birmingham. Found inside – Page 181June 5, 1956: Preaches at Sardis Baptist Church in Birmingham on the night he helps to start the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights -- a week after ... After serving three-and-a-half years of his sentence, Stoner was released from prison in 1986 for good behavior. The jury of 11 whites and one African American found Stoner guilty and Judge Charles Crowder give him a minimal 10-year sentence. Hello and welcome to the Historic Bethel Baptist Church of Collegeville. Please use the following steps to determine whether you need to fill out a call slip in the Prints site.). The defense put forth the theory that church members had set the bomb themselves to attract sympathy and donations. Civil Rights legend, the Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth, was pastor of Bethel Baptist Church from 1953 to 1961. 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