In Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, portions are completely uninhabited, and only a few sections have populations denser than ten people per km2. [23] The vehicle population in China has been increasing in the last decades and stood at almost 260 million as of the end of 2019. Similar to China, however, more than eighty percent of people lived in rural areas during the 1950s. She then reported to the brigade women's leader, who documented the information and took it to a monthly meeting of the commune birth-planning committee. Analysing the Recent Development of Religious Communities in Contemporary Rural China", "Statistical Communiqué on the 2011 National Economic and Social Development", "China braced for wave of urban migrants", "Chinese urban population 54.77 pct of total", "Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs – Background Note: China", Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Healthcare Security Administration, China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, Grasping the large, letting go of the small, China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, State Administration for Industry and Commerce, China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area, Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement, Mainland and Macau Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement, Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_China&oldid=1006799034, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2008, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from February 2021, Articles needing additional references from September 2019, All articles needing additional references, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from September 2019, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Library of Congress Country Studies, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the World Factbook, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Zhuang, Manchu, Hui, Miao, Uyghurs, Yi, Tujia, Mongols, Tibetan, Buyei, Dong, Yao, Korean, Bai, Hani, Li, Kazakh, Dai, She, Lisu, Gelao, Lahu, Dongxiang, Va, Sui, Nakhi, Qiang, Tu, Xibe, Mulao, Kyrgyz, Daur, Jingpo, Salar, Blang, Maonan, Tajik, Pumi, Achang, Nu, Ewenki, Gin, Jino, De'ang, Uzbeks, Russian, Yugur, Bonan, Monba, Oroqen, Derung, Tatars, Hezhen, Lhoba, Population with permanent residence difficult to define, total: 38.4 years Country comparison to the world: 62nd, 0.26% (2021 est.) (0.74), Liaoning (0.74), Heilongjiang (0.75), and Jilin (0.76). Since 1979 the government has advocated a one-child limit for both rural and urban areas and has generally set a maximum of two children in special circumstances. This parameter provides an indication of age distribution. The birth figure was 11.6 percent lower compared with 17,23 million in 2017. Beijing had the lowest TFR at 0.67, while Guizhou had the highest at 2.19. In 1982 China conducted its first population census since 1964. By the sixth census in 2010, the total population had reached to 1,370,536,875, with the mainland having 1,339,724,852, Hong Kong having 7,097,600, and Macau having 552,300. [30], Religious self-identification of university students in Beijing (2011)[53], Religious self-identification of participants of the cultural nationalist movement in the mainland (2011)[54], Internal migration in the People's Republic of China is one of the most extensive in the world according to the International Labour Organization. This trend, resulting from a demographic transition, is anticipated to continue until at least 2030. Economic reforms initiated in the late 1970s fundamentally altered methods of providing health care; the collective medical care system has been gradually replaced by a more individual-oriented approach. Because the rural population accounted for approximately 60% of the total, the effectiveness of the one-child policy in rural areas was considered the key to the success or failure of the program as a whole. [65], The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated. miles). They were up just 0.4 centimeters (0.16 in) and 0.7 centimeters (0.28 in) respectively from 10 years earlier.[25]. After the interval of the Great Leap Forward, Chinese leaders again saw rapid population growth as an obstacle to development, and their interest in birth control revived. In Hong Kong, the birth rate of 0.9% is lower than its death rate. Country comparison to the world: 175th, 11.3 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) Large ethnic minorities (data according to the 2000 census) include the Zhuang (16 million, 1.28%), Manchu (10 million, 0.84%), Uyghur (9 million, 0.78%), Hui (9 million, 0.71%), Miao (8 million, 0.71%), Yi (7 million, 0.61%), Tujia (5.75 million, 0.63%), Mongols (5 million, 0.46%), Tibetan (5 million, 0.43%), Buyei (3 million, 0.23%), and Korean (2 million, 0.15%). In the countryside, there was great pressure to adhere to the one-child limit. In addition, because city dwellers who were employed in state enterprises received pensions after retirement, the sex of their first child was less important to them than it was to those in rural areas. ), This page was last edited on 14 February 2021, at 21:28. For example, Chinese and foreign demographers used the 1982 census age-sex structure as the base population for forecasting and making assumptions about future fertility trends. Population growth targets were set for both administrative units and individual families. Thirty-five years of the Chinese government's "one-child policy" has aged China's population, including China's Christian population. The women's team leader made regular household visits to keep track of the status of each family under her jurisdiction and collected information on which women were using contraceptives, the methods used, and which had become pregnant. Country comparison to the world: 122nd, urban population: 59.2% of total population (2018), rate of urbanization: 2.4% annual rate of change (2015–20 est. As of November 2019, China's population stood at 1.394 billion,[1][2] the largest of any country in the world. Raising a child required a significant portion of family income, and in the cities a child did not become an economic asset until he or she entered the work force at age sixteen. Through this policy, the increasing population got temperate after the penalties were made. As of 1986 the policy for minority nationalities was two children per couple, three in special circumstances, and no limit for ethnic groups with very small populations. Chinese ancestral or lineage religion is the worship of kin's ancestor-gods in the system of. As of 1 January 2021, the population of China was estimated to be 1,443,981,565 people. It is estimated that this imbalance will rise until 2025–2030 to reach 20% then slowly decrease.[17]. Between 1970 and 1980, the crude birth rate dropped from 33.4 per 1,000 to 18.2 per 1,000. However, the overall population density of China conceals major regional variations. This equates to roughly 17.5 percent of the global population, a mere 0.5 percent less than China. Exceptionally high population densities occur in the Yangtze delta, the Pearl River Delta, and on … In rural areas the country's "barefoot doctors" distributed information and contraceptives to people's commune members. The census required about a month to complete and employed approximately 5 million census takers. Ageing Congregations. [58], In 2011 a total of 252.78 million migrant workers (an increase of 4.4% compared to 2010) existed in China. Yet until several years after Mao's death in 1976, the leadership was reluctant to put forth directly the rationale that population control was necessary for economic growth and improved living standards. The census data also were useful for estimating future manpower potential, consumer needs, and utility, energy, and health-service requirements. Nevertheless, the 1982 census was a watershed for both Chinese and world demographics. [28] Almost 1% of people living in Hong Kong are Westerners. According to China-Briefing, South Koreans form the largest foreign community in China at 21% of the total.Large Korean conglomerates such as Samsung and LG have been setting up manufacturing facilities in China, bringing large number of employees to fill top management and key technical positions. The 1982 census (which reported a total population of 1,008,180,738) is generally accepted as significantly more reliable, accurate, and thorough than the previous two. Couples with only one child were given preferential treatment in housing allocation. In 2018, China had the lowest birth rate since 1961, with an estimated of 15.23 million babies being born. While China’s population has grown by an incredible 7.5% in the last decade, the city of Chongqing is facing some future issues. Top nationalities in China expat population. The map represents the geographic diffusion of the tradition of folk religious movements of salvation, Confucian churches and. Migrants (net): The average annual number of immigrants minus the number of emigrants over the preceding five year period (running from July 1 to June 30 of the initial and final years), or subsequent five year period (for 2016 data). As of 2020, population of China is 59 million more than India. [12] Fertility according to National Bureau of Statistics (NBS):[13], Children born per woman from 1930 to 1949. For instance, in the future the elderly might not be able to rely on their children to care for them as they have in the past, leaving the state to assume the expense, which could be considerable. The mass emigration known as the Chinese diaspora, which occurred from the 19th century to 1949, was mainly caused by wars and starvation in mainland China, invasion from various foreign countries, as well as the problems resulting from political corruption. Other extremely low TFR counties are: 0.43 in the Heping district of Tianjin city (Tianjin), and 0.46 in the Mawei district of Fuzhou city (Fujian). The one-child policy was a highly ambitious population control program. Also, the policy in force during most of the 1960s and the early 1970s of sending large numbers of high school graduates to the countryside deprived cities of a significant proportion of persons of childbearing age and undoubtedly had some effect on birth rates (see Cultural Revolution (1966–76)). With a population estimated at 1.4 billion people as of 2017, China clearly ranks as the world's most populous country. Updated July 18, 2019. The five regions with the lowest fertility rates were Beijing (0.71), Shanghai According to the 2010 census, 91.51% of the population was Han Chinese, and 8.49% were minorities. Unless stated otherwise, statistics refer only to mainland China. [22], In 2012, for the first time, according to the National Bureau of Statistics in January 2013, the number of people theoretically able to enter the Chinese labor force (individuals aged 15 to 59), shrank slightly to 937.27 million, a decrease of 3.45 million from 2011. For forecasted years, the U.N. medium-fertility variant is used. Population is most sparse in the mountainous, desert, and grassland regions of the northwest and southwest. Try our corporate solution for free! Information was also gathered on minority ethnic groups, urban population, and marital status. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation. Numerous reports surfaced of coercive measures used to achieve the desired results of the one-child policy. It accounts for about 1.64% of China total population, 20% of Chinese ethnic population and 1.7% of the world's 1.2 billion Muslims. Based on United Nations and Chinese government statistics, it was estimated in 1987 that by the year 2000 the population 60 years and older (the retirement age is 60 in urban areas) would number 127 million, or 10.1% of the total population; the projection for 2025 was 234 million elderly, or 16.4%. On Friday, Li Banghua, an official of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, said at a press conference that the aging population (people aged above 60) is expected to exceed 300 million in the next five years, meaning the country moves one step further into an aging society. China's fertility statistics differ depending on the source. Note this is different from the current distribution due to age-long internal migration and assimilation. Computers were installed in every provincial-level unit except Tibet and were connected to a central processing system in the Beijing headquarters of the State Statistical Bureau. ), note: data do not include Hong Kong and Macau, Graphic representations of various analyses, Population of China by age and sex (demographic pyramid), People from other immigration jurisdictions. [26] In most Western countries the sex ratio at birth is around 105 boys to 100 girls (51.22%). As of 2016, the population of China was 1.38 billion people. A negative number means that there are more emigrants than immigrants. However, since the advent of multiculturalism as a government policy in the 1970s, many people of Chinese ethnicity from Asia (especially China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam and Cambodia) have immigrated to Australia. The one-child policy was unique, however, in that it linked reproduction with economic cost or benefit. World Population: Total World Population as of July 1 of the year indicated. Beginning on 1 July 1982, each household sent a representative to a census station to be enumerated. China has the world's largest population at 1.4 billion people. Hong Kong's population increases because of immigration from the mainland and a large expatriate population comprising about 4%. The six items pertaining to households were type (domestic or collective), serial number, number of persons, number of births in 1981, number of deaths in 1981, and number of registered persons absent for more than one year. The Christian apologist Arnobius (died c. AD 330) claimed in his work Against the Heathen: Book II, that Christianity had reached the land of Seres(an old Roman name for northern China) saying "For the deeds can be reckoned up and numbered which have been done in India, among the Seres, Persians, and Medes; in Arabia, Egypt, in Asia, Syria; among the Galatians, Parthians, Phrygians; in Achaia, Macedonia, Epirus; in all islands and provinces on which the rising and setting sun shine… The Xiangyang district of Jiamusi city (Heilongjiang) has a TFR of 0.41, which is the lowest TFR recorded anywhere in the world in recorded history. 1. According to projections based on the 1982 census, if the one-child policy were maintained to the year 2000, 25% of China's population would be age 65 or older by the year 2040. This is an increase of 0.52 % (7,412,695 people) compared to population of 1,436,568,870 the year before. Yearly % Change: For 2019: percentage change in total population over the last year (from July 1, 2018 to June 30 2019). fertility rates were Guangxi (1.79), Guizhou (1.75), Xinjiang (1.53), Hainan (1.51), and Anhui Broadly speaking, the population was concentrated east of the mountains[which?] ", "FERTILITY IN CHINA IN 2000: A COUNTY LEVEL ANALYSIS", "New fertility changes and characteristics from the sixth population census in China", "Chinese people getting 'taller and fatter, "Chinese mainland gender ratios most balanced since 1950s: census data", "Expats in China: Nationalities and in which cities they settle", "Major Figures on Residents from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and Foreigners Covered by 2010 Population Census", "Explaining Christianity in China: Why a Foreign Religion has Taken Root in Unfertile Ground", "Spatial Analysis and GIS Modeling of Regional Religious Systems in China", "Henan - The Model: From Hegemonism to Fragmentism. The most densely populated areas included the Yangtze River Valley (of which the delta region was the most populous), Sichuan Basin, North China Plain, Pearl River Delta, and the industrial area around the city of Shenyang in the northeast. China is entering an aging society, and Li's story is only an epitome of the whole picture. Like previous programs of the 1960s and 1970s, the one-child policy employed a combination of public education, social pressure, and in some cases coercion. The alleged methods ranged from intense psychological pressure to the use of physical force, including some grisly accounts of forced abortions and infanticide. Update to date information about population of China in 2021. Significantly, the People’s Government of Guangzhou Province announcedthat a Nigerian man at a COVID ward had attacked and wounded a female n… The 1982 census collected data in nineteen demographic categories relating to individuals and households. The People's Republic of China (PRC) officially recognizes 56 distinct ethnic groups, the largest of which are Han, who constitute 91.51% of the total population in 2010. [citation needed]. Fertility Rate: (Total Fertility Rate, or TFR), it is expressed as children per woman. China is the world's most populous country. The populations surveyed were those of the provinces of. China population pyramid as of 1st National Census day on June 30, 1953, China population pyramid as of 2nd National Census day on July 1, 1964, China population pyramid as of 3rd National Census day on July 1, 1982, China population pyramid as of 4th National Census day on July 1, 1990, China population pyramid as of 5th National Census day on July 1, 2000, China population pyramid as of 6th National Census day on July 1, 2010. Only 20% of Chinese citizens lived in urban areas, and many of today’s metropolises were still small villages. Population ages 65 and above (% of total population) - China World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects: 2019 … Over 126,000 Westerners from Canada, the US and Europe are living in Mainland China. The second campaign was particularly successful in the cities, where the birth rate was cut in half during the 1963–66 period. But the liabilities of a large, rapidly growing population soon became apparent. Their proportion of the population in China has grown from 6.1% in 1953, to 8.04% in 1990, 8.41% in 2000, and 8.49% in 2010. After an eighteen-year gap, population specialists were given a wealth of reliable, up-to-date figures on which to reconstruct past demographic patterns, measure current population conditions, and predict future population trends. This extensive and seemingly effective network covered both the rural and the urban population. Like Hong Kong, Macau also has a low birth rate relying on immigration to maintain its population. A fundamental anomaly in the 1982 statistics was noted by some Western analysts. That year, the country reached a … In 2019, there were around 715 million male inhabitants and 685 million female inhabitants living in China, amounting to around 1.4 billion … Initially, China's post-1949 leaders were ideologically disposed to view a large population as an asset. During the past decades ethnic minorities have experienced higher growth rates than the majority Han population, because they are not under the one-child policy. Because of these conditions, it is unclear to what degree education had been able to erode traditional values favoring large families. There is also a serious gender imbalance. Historically, Indians played a major role in disseminating Buddhism in China.In modern times, there is a large long-standing community of Indians living in Hong Kong, often for descendants with several generations of roots and a growing population of students, traders and employees in Mainland China. Muslim Distribution in China. China now has an increasingly aging population; it is projected that 11.8% of the population in 2020 will be 65 years of age and older. Demographers who had been conducting research on global population without accurate data on the Chinese fifth of the world's population were particularly thankful for the 1982 breakthrough census. The five regions with the highest The data on age-specific fertility and mortality rates provided the necessary base-line information for making population projections. By the end of 2014, 54.7% of the total population lived in urban areas, a rate that rose from 26% in 1990. [citation needed], Rapid fertility reduction associated with the one-child policy has potentially negative results. In 2002, about 94% of the population lived east of the Heihe–Tengchong Line, which makes up only 43% of the total land area, which leads to much higher average density (about 280/km2, little less than Japan). They pointed out that although the birth and death rates recorded by the census and those recorded through the household registration system were different, the two systems arrived at similar population totals. Population density varies strikingly, with the greatest contrast occurring between the eastern half of China and the lands of the west and the northwest. Observers suggested that an accurate assessment of the one-child program would not be possible until all women who came of childbearing age in the early 1980s passed their fertile years. (See Demographics of Hong Kong and Demographics of Macau. The nation began preparing for the 1982 census in late 1976. Just three decades prior, China looked markedly different. Even without state intervention, there were compelling reasons for urban couples to limit the family to a single child. For all other years: latest year annual percentage change equivalent assuming homogeneous change in the preceding five year period, calculated through reverse compounding. Previously, there had been no accurate information on these 21% of the Earth's inhabitants. [24], As of 2012, the average Chinese man was 167.1 centimeters tall (5 ft 5.8 in) in 2012, the figures showed, and women's average height was 155.8 centimeters (5 ft 1.3 in). The discrepancies in the vital rates were the result of the underreporting of both births and deaths to the authorities under the registration system; families would not report some births because of the one-child policy and would not report some deaths so as to hold on to the rations of the deceased. Today, the population continues to grow. Country comparison to the world: 169th, 8.26 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) Elaboration of data by United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Urban Population: Population living in areas classified as urban according to the criteria used by each country. Median Age: age that divides the population into two numerically equal groups: half of the people are older than the median age indicated and half are younger. In the early 1960s, schemes somewhat more muted than during the first campaign, emphasized the virtues of late marriage. The other factors influencing migration of people from rural provincial areas to large cities are employment, education, business opportunities and higher standard of living.[63]. The rise was an indication of problems with the one-child policy of 1979. [20], The 2010 census reported a TFR of 1.18 (0.88 in cities, 1.15 in townships, and 2018 Update. Density (P/Km²): (Population Density) Population per square Kilometer (Km²). This growth slowed because of the one-child policy instituted in 1979. In 1972 and 1973 the party mobilized its resources for a nationwide birth control campaign administered by a group in the State Council. In urban areas, the housing shortage may have been at least partly responsible for the decreased birth rate. It was by far the most thorough and accurate census taken since 1949 and confirmed that China was a nation of more than 1 billion people, or about one-fifth of the world's population. [18] Officials had expected 21-23 million births in 2018, much more than the 15.23 that occurred. World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision. During 1960–2015, the population grew to nearly 1.4 billion. Prison population rate (per 100,000 of national population) 121. based on an estimated national population of 1.415 billion at 2018 (from United Nations figures) - sentenced prisoners in Ministry of Justice prisons only. Committees to oversee birth control activities were established at all administrative levels and in various collective enterprises. According to the 2010 census, males account for 51.27% of China's 1.34 billion people, while females made up 48.73% of the total. [64], Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review. "In China's largest cities, for instance, it is often quoted that at least one out of every five persons is a migrant. The census provided demographers with a set of data on China's age-sex structure, fertility and mortality rates, and population density and distribution. Griffiths, Michael. Under Mao Zedong, China nearly doubled in population from 540 million in 1949 to 969 million in 1979. Population: Overall total population (both sexes and all ages) in the country as of July 1 of the year indicated, as estimated by the United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Published by C. Textor, Nov 20, 2020 In 2019, about 848 million people lived in urban regions in China and 552 million in rural. Life expectancy has more than doubled, and infant mortality has dropped significantly. The Population of China (1950 - 2019) chart plots the total population count as of July 1 of each year, from 1950 to 2019. Censuses were taken as a rule by ancient rulers beginning in the Zhou Dynasty, but what the rulers were counting is somewhat in doubt. [60][61] While it is often difficult to collect accurate statistical data on migrant floating populations, the number of migrants is undoubtedly quite large. This growth slowed because of the one-child policy instituted in 1979. "[62] China's government influences the pattern of urbanization through the Hukou permanent residence registration system, land-sale policies, infrastructure investment and the incentives offered to local government officials. In general, it was very successful in almost all urban areas but less successful in rural areas. As the old die, there are fewer young people to replace them. Of the 440 million increase, about 340 million was attributable to net migration and urban reclassification. China ranks number 1 in the list of countries (and dependencies) by population. One major fluctuation was reported in a computer reconstruction of China's population trends from 1953 to 1987 produced by the United States Bureau of the Census. Below we compare the population and GDP figures of the top 4 economies (or economic regions) in the world according to 2017 nominal GDP figures: China, the European Union, the United States of America, and Japan. [59] Estimations are that Chinese cities will face an influx of another 243 million migrants by 2025, taking the urban population up to nearly 1 billion people.
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